R&D Units
Electrical Systems
Intelligent algorithms for efficient energy management
What We Do?
The Electrical Systems Unit develops intelligent algorithms and proactive management strategies for power grids and microgrids, with the aim of improving the integration of renewable energy and energy storage systems, while increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption.
The Unit’s research combines modelling, power converter control, grid stability analysis and energy management optimisation, contributing to more reliable, sustainable and resilient power systems.
Research Areas
- Integration of renewable energy and energy storage.
- Control of power electronic converters for power grid applications.
- Stability of power grids with high penetration of renewable energy.
- Optimal energy management and energy efficiency applications.
Facilities
The Unit has a Smart Energy Integration Laboratory for the real-time simulation of power grids and microgrids, the development of energy resource management systems, and the analysis of stability, power quality and control strategies for microgrids and power electronic converters.
Publications
Reliability of power networks high share of renewable energy:
- Alberto Escalera, Milan Prodanović, Edgardo D. Castronuovo, Javier Roldan-Perez, «Contribution of active management technologies to the reliability of power distribution networks¨, Applied Energy, Volume 267, 2020, 114919, ISSN 0306-2619, DOI:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114919. (IF:8.426)
- A. Escalera, B. Hayes, M. Prodanovic, «A survey of reliability assessment techniques for modern distribution networks,» in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 91, pp. 344–357. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.02.031 (IF:10.556)
Stability of power networks with high share of renewable energy:
- A. Rodríguez-Cabero, M. Jiménez Carrizosa, J. Roldán-Pérez and M. Prodanovic: “Stability Analysis and Hierarchical Control of dc Power Networks”. Book Chapter “Modeling, Operation, and Analysis of DC Grids”, Academic Press (Elsevier). 2021. ISBN: 9780128221013
- D. P. Morán-Río, J. Roldán-Pérez, M. Prodanović and A. García-Cerrada, «Influence of the Phase-Locked Loop on the Design of Microgrids Formed by Diesel Generators and Grid-Forming Converters,» in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 5122-5137, May 2022, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2021.3127310. (IF: 6.153 )
- D. Moutevelis, J. Roldán-Pérez, M. Prodanovic and S. Sanchez-Acevedo, «Bifurcation Analysis of Active Electrical Distribution Networks Considering Load Tap Changers and Power Converter Capacity Limits,» in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 7230-7246, June 2022, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2022.3141234. (IF: 6.153 )
Power converter control:
- J. Roldán-Pérez, A. Rodríguez-Cabero and M. Prodanovic, «Design and Analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines in Inductive and Resistive Weak Grids,» in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1818-1828, Dec. 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TEC.2019.2930643 . (IF 4.614)
- A. Rodríguez-Cabero, J. Roldán-Pérez, M. Prodanovic, J. A. Suul and S. D’Arco, «Coupling of AC Grids via VSC-HVDC Interconnections for Oscillation Damping Based on Differential and Common Power Control,» in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 6548-6558, June 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2952656 (IF:7.224)
- M. E. Zarei, D. Ramirez, M. Prodanovic and G. Venkataramanan, «Multivector Model Predictive Power Control for Grid Connected Converters in Renewable Power Plants,» in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1466-1478, April 2022, doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3077953. (I.F 4.472)
- Reduced Inertia Transient Stability Enhancement / RITSE, convocatoria Grid 2030, REE. En colaboración con REE y SuperGrid Institute, Lyon. Periodo: 2019 – 2020.
- INVERSOR DE BATERÍAS CON CONTROL INTEGRADO DE CONVERTIDOR Y MICRORRED (MICROGRID-ON-CHIP). Convocatoria: RETOS – Colaboración 2017, MINECO, RTC-2017-6262-3, Empresa coordinador: Norvento Energía Distribuida SL. Periodo: 2018-2021
- Coordinación de almacenamiento distribuido para mejorar la continuidad de suministro en redes de distribución – COORALMA. Fundación Iberdrola. Periodo: 2019-2020
- Recuperación energética en ensayos de validación de grupos electrógenos/RECUPERENE. Con empresa GENESAL, 2020
- COPOWCO – CONTROL OF POWER CONVERTERS IN VIBRATION SYSTEMS. Con empresa: IMV, Japan. Periodo: 2020-2021
- POD4PV – Power Oscillation Damping using PV plants. Contrato con SolairDirect,México. Periodo 2020
- Analysis of electricity quality – investigation of AB Energijos skirstymo operatorius in the electricity distribution network. Convocatoria de DSO Lituano. En colaboración con LEI, Lituania. Periodo: 2020-2021
- NextFactory – Integración de energías renovables en una fábrica. Contrato con empresa GENESAL. Periodo 2021
- Eficiencia energética en sistemas de ensayos de vibración. Contrato con empresa IMV, Japón. Periodo 2019-2020
Publications in 2026:
- [J1] D. Gotti, M. Prodanovic, S. Pinilla, D. Muñoz-Torrero, E. García-Quismondo, J. Palma, “A novel Doyle-Fuller-Newman battery model formulation for online parameter estimation”, J. of Energy Storage, vol. 141, part B, no. 119115, Jan. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2025.119115
- [J2] L. Berridy-Segade, A. Mortera-Canga, D. Iribarren, M. Prodanovic, M. Martín-Gamboa, “Assessing the social life cycle impacts of future energy mixes: the illustrative case study of power generation in Spain,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol 349, n. 120790, Feb. 2026. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120790.
- [J3] A. Tomás-Martín, J. Roldán-Pérez, N. Jankovic, S. Yagüe, A. García-Cerrada, and L. Sigrist, “Performance of Multi-Agent Secondary Control for Reconnecting a Microgrid of Grid-Forming Converters to the Main Grid”, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2026.111797
- [J4] D. Rios-Peñaloza, A. Prevedi, J. Roldán-Pérez, M. Prodanovic, “Central Controller for Photovoltaic Power Plants with Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Providing Balancing and Restoration Services”, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy (Impact Factor: 10). Aceptado para publicación en 2026. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2026.3653342
- [J5] M. Avendaño, J. Roldán-Pérez, M. Prodanovic, N. Jankovic, D. Rios-Peñaloza, J and J. L. Amenedo, “Application of Reduced-Order Modelling for Understanding the Impact of Virtual Power Plants on Small-Signal Stability of Power Systems”, IEEE Access, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3671085
- [J6] D. Moutevelis, P. Rodríguez-Ortega, J. Roldán-Pérez, and M. Prodanovic, “Equivalent modelling for the fundamental frequency dynamic variation: State-space, impedance, and power-frequency representations,”, Electric Power Systems Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.113098
- [J7] Alicia Mortera-Canga, Pedro Gerber Machado, Adrián Blazquez Calderón, Diego Iribarren, Milan Prodanovic “Bridging Plans and Energy Paths: A Multi-Nodal Prospective Analysis of the Spanish Electricity Generation and Transmission System”, Energy Strategy Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2026.102256
- [J8] A. Camboni, J. Roldán-Pérez, F. Mandrile, M. Prodanovic, and R. Bojoi, “Virtual Braking Resistor for Virtual Synchronous Compensator: Accounting for the DC-link Voltage Control,”, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3679036
Publications in 2025:
- [J1] N. Jankovic, J. Roldán-Pérez, M. Prodanovic, J. A. Suul, S. D’Arco and L. Rouco, “Network-Reconfiguration-Aware Power Oscillation Damping Controller for Converter-Interfaced Generator Based Power Plants,” in Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 13, n. 4, Jul. 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2024.000057 .
- [J2] Naunay, Diego, Paul Ayala, Josue Andino, Wilmar Martinez, and Diego Arcos-Aviles. 2025. “Generalized Predictive Control for a Single-Phase, Three-Level Voltage Source Inverter” Energies 18, no. 10: 2541. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102541.
- [J3] J. Andino, D. Arcos-Aviles, F. Guinjoan, “Fast-execution neural-network-based modulated model predictive control for a three-phase three-level inverter,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 165, n. 106595, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106595.
- [J4] Davide Gotti, Milan Prodanovic, Sergio Pinilla, David Muñoz-Torrero, “A Comparison Between Different Discretization Techniques for the Doyle-Fuller-Newman Li+Battery Model”, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., vol. 3042, n. 012011, 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3042/1/012011
- [J5] D. Muñoz-Torrero, E. García-Quismondo, E. Ventosa, M. Prodanovic, J. Palma, “On the degradation of lithium-ion batteries over a current ripple effect,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 530, n. 146326, Aug. 2025. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.146326
- [J6] J. Andino, D. Arcos-Aviles, F. Guinjoan, “Fast-execution neural-network-based modulated model predictive control for a three-phase three-level inverter”, Control Engineering Practice, vol. 165, n. 106595, Dec. 2025. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2025.106595